(reposting from my blog here. this was just a random translation i decided to do tonight.)
The Old Germanic runic letters with 24 characters:
(note that instead of z exactly, the “z” was some other sound but sounds super similar to z, so says one book i read anyway)
f ᚠ u ᚢ þ ᚦ a/æ ᚨ r ᚱ k ᚲ g ᚷ w ᚹ h ᚺ n ᚾ i ᛁ j ᛃ p ᛈ ë ᛇ z ᛉ s ᛊ t ᛏ b ᛒ e ᛖ l ᛚ ng/ŋ ᛜ d ᛞ œ/ö/ē ᛟThe Viking-age runic letters with 16 characters (People in Uppsala learn instead that o is ᚬ and n is ᚾ, otherwise it’s the same):
f ᚠ u ᚢ þ ᚦ o ᚮ r ᚱ k ᚴ h ᚼ n ᚿ i/e ᛁ a ᛆ s ᛋ t ᛏ b ᛒ l ᛚ m ᛉ z ᛦ(Stung runes): g ᚵ e ᚽ d ᛑ p ᛔ y ᚤ (y is presumably ý/í or the swedish y I guess)
(Numbers): 1 ᚠ 2 ᚢ 3 ᚦ 4 ᚮ 5 ᚱ 6 ᚴ 7 ᚼ 8 ᚿ 9 ᛁ 10 ᛆ 11 ᛋ 12 ᛏ 13 ᛒ 14 ᛚ 15 ᛉ 16 ᛦ 17 ᛮ 18 ᛯ 19 ᛰ
(Names): Freya/sheep/money, watch, Thor, mouth of a river, ride, carbuncle, hail(stone), plight, ice, year, sun, Tyr, the birch (tree), sky and sea/aloft, man/human, out of (as in the preposition)
17 ᛮ (árlaug – a name?), 18 ᛯ (tvímaður, “twice/two man”), 19 ᛰ (belgþor[n] – a name?) were made up in around the 1200’s in order to have 19 numbers for runic calendars. ᛮ was usually pronounced as “stung d” in Iceland, ᛯ was supposedly the same as the Anglo-Saxon g-rune ᚷ, and ᛰ was the stung e. ᛯ is of course the ᛉ and ᛦ runes put together, and ᛮ is a modification of the ᛚ rune.
Freya, Thor, Tyr, are just gods’ names. Obviously the “names” for the runes are really just random words that start with/include the sound.
Counting and Days of the Month: (source)